Scientific Study

Poor diet quality is strongly associated with elevated cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality risk. This American Heart Association scientific statement for food-based cardiovascular health optimization and cardiovascular disease risk reduction guidance summarizes available evidence and provides contextual guidance for the key features of heart-healthy dietary patterns. It enumerates collateral benefits of adopting a heart-healthy dietary pattern in terms of nutrient intake adequacy and compatibility with other chronic disease risk reduction guidance. The features of a heart-healthy dietary pattern include (1) adjusting energy intake and expenditure to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight; (2) eating plenty of vegetables and fruits and choosing a wide variety; (3) choosing foods made mostly with whole grains rather than refined grains; (4) choosing healthy sources of protein; (5) choosing sources of unsaturated fats in place of sources of saturated fat; (6) choosing minimally processed foods instead of ultraprocessed foods; (7) minimizing intake of added sugars in beverages and foods; (8) reducing sodium intake by choosing foods low in sodium and preparing foods with minimal or no salt; and (9) if alcohol is not consumed, do not start; if alcohol is consumed, limit intake.

https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001435