Dietary patterns and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in U.S. men.

Background: The role of diet in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus remains unsettled. Objective: To examine the association between major dietary patterns and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: United States. Participants: 42 504 male health professionals; 40 to 75 years of age; without diagnosed diabetes; cardiovascular disease; […]

Effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on the need for antihyperglycemic drug therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial

BACKGROUND: Low-carbohydrate and low-fat calorie-restricted diets are recommended for weight loss in overweight and obese people with type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of a low-carbohydrate Mediterranean-style or a low-fat diet on the need for antihyperglycemic drug therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Single-center; randomized trial. Randomization was computer-generated […]

Substituting walnuts for monounsaturated fat improves the serum lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic men and women in Spain.

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that walnuts reduce serum cholesterol levels in normal young men. OBJECTIVE: To assess the acceptability of walnuts and their effects on serum lipid levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidizability in free-living hypercholesterolemic persons. DESIGN: Randomized; crossover feeding trial. SETTING: Lipid clinic at a university hospital. PATIENTS: 55 men and women […]

The effect of long-term intake of cis unsaturated fats on the risk of gallstone disease in men2004;141:514-22.

BACKGROUND: Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats act as inhibitors of cholesterol cholelithiasis in animal experiments. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between long-term intake of cis unsaturated fats and the incidence of gallstone disease in humans. DESIGN: Prospective population-based cohort study. SETTING: The Health Professional Follow-up Study. PARTICIPANTS: 45;756 men; age 40 to 75 years in 1986; […]

Effects of folic acid supplementation on hearing in older adults: a randomized; controlled trial.

Background: Age-related hearing loss is a common chronic condition of elderly persons. Low folate status has been associated with poor hearing. Objective: To determine whether folic acid supplementation slows age-related hearing loss. Design: Double-blind; randomized; placebo-controlled trial conducted from September 2000 to December 2004. Setting: The Netherlands. Participants: 728 older men and women recruited from […]

Effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on cardiovascular risk factors.

Researchers observed 772 asymptomatic individuals at high risk of CVD from the multicenter; randomized; primary prevention trial of cardiovascular disease (PREDIMED). Participants were assigned to a low-fat diet or to one of two Mediterranean diets. Those consuming the Mediterranean diets received either one liter of olive oil per week or 30 grams of nuts per […]