Toxic and essential elements in five tree nuts from Hangzhou market, China.
In this study a total of thirty-five tree nut samples of walnut, pecan, pine seed, hickory nut and torreya were obtained from 5 farm product markets in Hangzhou, China and investigated for essential (Cr, Mn, Fe, Mo, Cu, Zn, Se, and Sr) and toxic (Al, As, Cd and Pb) elements by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy […]
Ochratoxin A in dried grapes in Hamadan province, Iran.
The occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in dried grapes was surveyed in this study. Sixty-six samples of dried grapes (40 currants, 16 sultanas and 10 raisins) were collected from dried grapes factories in Hamadan province, Iran, from October 2012 to March 2013. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine OTA in these samples. OTA […]
Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in export quality raisins collected from different areas of Pakistan.
During 2012-2014, 170 samples of export quality raisins were collected from different vendors in Pakistan. The collected samples were analyzed for the presence of aflatoxins (AFs) and Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination using HPLC technique. The LOD and LOQ of AFs/OTA were 0.12/0.10 and 0.36/0.30 µg kg-1, respectively. Only 5% of the samples were contaminated with […]
Factors influencing fungal and aflatoxin levels in Turkish hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) during growth; harvest; drying and storage: A 3-year study
The levels aflatoxins in Turkish hazelnuts have been monitored over a 3-years period (2002-2004). Periodical sampling was made in 72 different orchards at different locations representative of the hazelnut-growing areas and post-harvest applications. Various parameters (aflatoxins; water activity; moulds) were analysed and environmental conditions (temperature and relative humidity) recorded during growing and at different stages […]
Mycotoxins in botanicals and dried fruits: A review
Botanicals are used in many countries for medicinal and general health-promoting purposes. Numerous natural occurrences of mycotoxins in botanicals and dried fruits have been reported. Aflatoxins or ochratoxin A (OTA) have been found in botanicals such as ginseng; ginger; liquorice; turmeric; and kava-kava in the USA; Spain; Argentina; India; and some other countries; while fumonisins […]
Potential of furan formation in hazelnuts during heat treatment
The formation of furan as influenced by temperature and time of heating was studied in hazelnuts. Temperature was noted as the important processing parameter on the formation of furan in hazelnuts. The formation of furan was noticeably increased at temperatures exceeding 120 degrees C. Furan concentrations tended to increase linearly at 100 and 150 degrees […]