Effect of a low-glycemic index or a high-cereal fiber diet on type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial
CONTEXT: Clinical trials using antihyperglycemic medications to improve glycemic control have not demonstrated the anticipated cardiovascular benefits. Low-glycemic index diets may improve both glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors for patients with type 2 diabetes but debate over their effectiveness continues due to trial limitations. OBJECTIVE: To test the effects of low-glycemic index diets on […]
Nut; corn; and popcorn consumption and the incidence of diverticular disease
CONTEXT: Patients with diverticular disease are frequently advised to avoid eating nuts; corn; popcorn; and seeds to reduce the risk of complications. However; there is little evidence to support this recommendation. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether nut; corn; or popcorn consumption is associated with diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding. DESIGN AND SETTING: The Health Professionals Follow-up Study […]
Diet; lifestyle; and longevity -the next steps?
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and islet autoimmunity in children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes.
CONTEXT: Cod liver oil supplements in infancy have been associated with a decreased risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus in a retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether intakes of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are associated with the development of islet autoimmunity (IA) in children. DESIGN; SETTING; AND PARTICIPANTS: A longitudinal; observational study; the Diabetes […]
Mediterranean diet; lifestyle factors; and 10-year mortality in elderly men and women.
CONTEXT: Dietary patterns and lifestyle factors are associated with mortality from all causes; coronary heart disease; cardiovascular diseases; and cancer; but few studies have investigated these factors in combination. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the single and combined effect of Mediterranean diet; being physically active; moderate alcohol use; and nonsmoking on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in European […]
Effects of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods vs. lovastatin on serum lipids and c-reactive protein.
CONTEXT: To enhance the effectiveness of diet in lowering cholesterol; recommendations of the Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Education Program emphasize diets low in saturated fat together with plant sterols and viscous fibers; and the American Heart Association supports the use of soy protein and nuts. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a diet […]
Nut and peanut butter consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in women.
CONTEXT: Nuts are high in unsaturated (polyunsaturated and monounsaturated) fat and other nutrients that may improve glucose and insulin homeostasis. OBJECTIVE: To examine prospectively the relationship between nut consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN; SETTING; AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective cohort study of 83 818 women from 11 states in the Nurses' Health Study. The […]
Effect of a Mediterranean-style diet on endothelial dysfunction and markers of vascular inflammation in the metabolic syndrome.
CONTEXT: The metabolic syndrome has been identified as a target for dietary therapies to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease; however; the role of diet in the etiology of the metabolic syndrome is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a Mediterranean-style diet on endothelial function and vascular inflammatory markers in patients with the metabolic […]