Bio-Epoxy Composites Formulation Using Bio-Oils from Walnut and Almond Shell Pyrolysis: Influence of Temperature on Chemical Composition and Curing Behavior

In this study, we develop bio-epoxy composites incorporating bio-oils obtained from the pyrolysis of almond and walnut shells at 400 °C and 600 °C, with the aim of evaluating their potential as renewable precursors for epoxy resin modification. The influence of pyrolysis temperature on bio-oil yield and chemical composition is examined to identify phenolic-rich fractions […]