Accuracy of component‐resolved diagnostics in peanut allergy: systematic literature review and meta‐analysis.
Background: Peanut allergy diagnosis relies on clinical reactivity to peanut supported by detection of specific IgE (sIgE) antibodies. Extract-based sIgE tests have low specificity, so component-resolved diagnostics may complement whole extract testing. Methods: We systematically collected peanut allergen component data in seven databases and studied the diagnostic accuracy of peanut storage proteins (Arah1, 2, 3), and cross-reactive […]
Determining Levers of Cost-effectiveness for Screening Infants at High Risk for Peanut Sensitization Before Early Peanut Introduction.
Importance: Early peanut introduction reduces the risk of developing peanut allergy, especially in high-risk infants. Current US recommendations endorse screening but are not cost-effective relative to other international strategies. Objective: To identify scenarios in which current early peanut introduction guidelines would be cost-effective. Design, setting, and participants: This simulation/cohort economic evaluation used microsimulations and cohort analyses in a […]
Dual transcriptomic and epigenomic study of reaction severity in peanut allergic children.
Background: Unexpected allergic reactions to peanut are the most common cause of fatal food-related anaphylaxis. Mechanisms underlying the variable severity of peanut allergic reactions remain unclear. Objectives: To expand mechanistic understanding of reaction severity in peanut allergy. Methods: We performed an integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic study of peanut allergic children as they reacted in vivo during double-blind, placebo-controlled […]
Evaluation of the epidemiology of peanut allergy in the United Kingdom.
Aims: To describe the epidemiology of peanut allergy (PA) in the UK over the last three decades. Methods: PA patients were identified from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink between 1987 and 2015. Incidence and prevalence of PA were compared between 2000 and 2015. Prevalence and relative risk (RR) of atopic comorbidities, anaphylaxis, adrenaline prescriptions versus […]
Undeclared allergens in imported packaged food for retail in Australia.
The Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code (the Code) requires a declaration of the presence of 11 different allergens made through the label on a food product. Most food recalls in Australia are now due to undeclared allergens. This survey determined the extent of undeclared allergens in imported food products on the Asian retail market in Australia. […]
Peanut Oral Immunotherapy: State of the Art.
Cumulative evidence shows that peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) is effective at inducing desensitization through downregulation of effector pathways in the allergic reaction cascade; however, only a subset of patients achieve sustained unresponsiveness (remission), which requires redirection of the underlying allergic response toward tolerance. A recent meta-analysis of peanut OIT randomized trials found that OIT is […]
Phase 2a randomized, placebo-controlled study of anti-IL-33 in peanut allergy.
BACKGROUNDIL-33, found in high levels in participants with allergic disorders, is thought to mediate allergic reactions. Etokimab, an anti-IL-33 biologic, has previously demonstrated a good safety profile and favorable pharmacodynamic properties in many clinical studies.METHODSIn this 6-week placebo-controlled phase 2a study, we evaluated the safety and the ability of a single dose of etokimab to […]
Oral immunotherapy for hazelnut allergy: a single-center retrospective study on 100 patients.
BACKGROUND: Oral immunotherapy (OIT) protects patients with IgE-mediated food allergies from food-induced allergic reactions due to accidental exposure and may improve their quality of life. This approach has never been evaluated for hazelnut, a major cause of food allergy in Europe. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the proportion of hazelnut-desensitized patients after 6 months of […]
Molecular evolution of genes encoding allergen proteins in the peanuts genus Arachis: Structural and functional implications.
Food allergies are severe immune responses to plant and animal products mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE). Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are among the top 15 crops that feed the world. However, peanuts is among the "big eight food allergens", and allergies induced by peanuts are a significant public health problem and a life-threatening concern. Targeted mutation studies in peanuts demonstrate that single residue alterations […]
Component-resolved diagnostics can be useful for identifying hazelnut allergy in Japanese children.
BACKGROUND: Microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs), represent important DNA variations that are widely distributed across the entire plant genome and can be used to develop SSR markers, which can then be used to conduct genetic analyses and molecular breeding. Cultivated peanut (A. hypogaea L.), an important oil crop worldwide, is an allotetraploid (AABB, 2n = 4× = 40) […]