Diets high and low in glycemic index versus high monounsaturated fat diets: effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relative effects of high and low glycemic index (GI) carbohydrates; and monounsaturated fats on blood glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM subjects. SUBJECTS: Fourteen male and seven female variably controlled NIDDM subjects recruited by advertisement. SETTING: Free living outpatients. RESEARCH DESIGN: A repeated measures; within-subject design was used such that each […]
Magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. DATA SOURCES: We retrieved studies published in any language by systematically searching MEDLINE from 1966 to February 2007 and by manually examining the references of the original articles. STUDY SELECTION: We included prospective cohort studies […]
Magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We followed 85;060 women and 42;872 men who had no history of diabetes; cardiovascular disease; or cancer at baseline. Magnesium intake was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire every 2-4 years. After 18 years of follow-up […]
Effect of diets enriched in almonds on insulin action and serum lipids in adults with normal glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes.
BACKGROUND: Nuts appear to have cardiovascular benefits but their effect in diabetic patients is unclear. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess effects of almond-enriched diets on insulin sensitivity and lipids in patients with normoglycemia or type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Study 1 assessed the effect of almonds on insulin sensitivity in 20 free-living healthy volunteers who […]
Low-glycemic-index starchy foods in the diabetic diet.
Eight patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes underwent two 2-wk study periods in random order during which they were provided with carbohydrate foods with either a high or low glycemic index (GI). Over both high-GI and low-GI periods there were significant reductions in body weight; serum fructosamine; and cholesterol. Reductions in fasting blood glucose; HbA1c; and urinary […]
Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange.
The determine the effect of different foods on the blood glucose; 62 commonly eaten foods and sugars were fed individually to groups of 5 to 10 healthy fasting volunteers. Blood glucose levels were measured over 2 h; and expressed as a percentage of the area under the glucose response curve when the same amount of […]
Nut and peanut butter consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in women.
CONTEXT: Nuts are high in unsaturated (polyunsaturated and monounsaturated) fat and other nutrients that may improve glucose and insulin homeostasis. OBJECTIVE: To examine prospectively the relationship between nut consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN; SETTING; AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective cohort study of 83 818 women from 11 states in the Nurses' Health Study. The […]
High monounsaturated fat diets for patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.
The most recent position statement on nutrition from the American Diabetes Association recommends an individualized approach to nutrition that is based on the nutritional assessment and desired outcomes of each patient and that takes into consideration patient preferences and control of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. To achieve these nutritional goals; either low-saturated-fat; high-carbohydrate diets or high-monounsaturated-fat […]
Structured Dietary Advice Incorporating Walnuts Achieves Optimal Fat and Energy Balance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
OBJECTIVE: A cardioprotective dietary fat profile is recommended for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The clinical feasibility of advice strategies targeting specific fatty acid intakes and the extent to which they can be achieved by free-living populations needs to be tested. Walnuts; with high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content; may help optimize fatty […]
Diet composition and the metabolic syndrome: what is the optimal fat intake?
Two cholesterol-raising fatty acids in the diet; saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids; increase the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. This fact justifies the recommendation of a reduced intake of cholesterol-raising fatty acids. Emerging data suggest that diets higher in unsaturated fatty acids; particularly monounsaturated fatty acids; have several advantages over high-carbohydrate intakes. This […]