Defining challenge-proven coexistent nut and sesame seed allergy: A prospective multicenter European study.
Background: Peanut, tree nut, and sesame allergies are responsible for most life-threatening food-induced allergic reactions. Rates of coexistent allergy between these foods have been from mostly retrospective studies that include only a limited number of tree nuts or were not based on oral food challenges. Objective: The Pronuts study is a multicenter European study (London, […]
Current perspectives on peanut allergy.
Peanut allergy is increasingly prevalent and for most patients is a life-long condition, with the potential to cause life-threatening reactions. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to minimise risks due to accidental peanut exposure. Current management strategies focus on strict allergen avoidance and access to emergency medicines to treat potential reactions; however, active approaches […]
Carbon dioxide production as an indicator of Aspergillus flavus colonisation and aflatoxins/cyclopiazonic acid contamination in shelled peanuts stored under different interacting abiotic factors.
Aspergillus flavus is the main xerophylic species colonising stored peanuts resulting in contamination with aflatoxins (AFs) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). This study evaluated the relationship between storage of shelled peanuts under interacting abiotic conditions on (a) temporal respiration (R) and cumulative CO2 production, (b) dry matter losses (DMLs) and (c) aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and CPA accumulation. Both […]
Characterization of peanut-shell biochar and the mechanisms underlying its sorption for atrazine and nicosulfuron in aqueous solution.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the sorption of atrazine and nicosulfuron onto several experimentally produced biochars, as well as to understand the influence of biochar structure on sorption mechanisms. Nine biochars were generated by pyrolyzing peanut shell at 300, 450, or 600 °C and exposing samples to each of the several […]
Plant extracts such as pine nut shell, peanut shell and jujube leaf improved the antioxidant ability and gas permeability of chitosan films.
In order to develop the antioxidant and gas permeability packaging film, the effects of three plant extracts (pine nut shell, peanut shell and jujube leaf) on the physical, antioxidative and structural properties of chitosan based biodegradable films were studied. The results showed that three plant extracts improved the antioxidant capacity of films. The DPPH radical […]
Sustained Successful Peanut Oral Immunotherapy Associated with Low Basophil Activation and Peanut-Specific IgE.
Background: Oral immunotherapy (OIT) can successfully desensitize many peanut allergic subjects, but clinical tolerance diminishes over time upon discontinuation, or low dose maintenance, of peanut. Therefore, in order to improve the efficacy and sustainability of such therapy, we sought to identify biomarkers and clinical tools that can predict therapeutic outcomes and monitor treatment responses. Objective: We evaluated […]
Accuracy of component‐resolved diagnostics in peanut allergy: systematic literature review and meta‐analysis.
Background: Peanut allergy diagnosis relies on clinical reactivity to peanut supported by detection of specific IgE (sIgE) antibodies. Extract-based sIgE tests have low specificity, so component-resolved diagnostics may complement whole extract testing. Methods: We systematically collected peanut allergen component data in seven databases and studied the diagnostic accuracy of peanut storage proteins (Arah1, 2, 3), and cross-reactive […]
Determining Levers of Cost-effectiveness for Screening Infants at High Risk for Peanut Sensitization Before Early Peanut Introduction.
Importance: Early peanut introduction reduces the risk of developing peanut allergy, especially in high-risk infants. Current US recommendations endorse screening but are not cost-effective relative to other international strategies. Objective: To identify scenarios in which current early peanut introduction guidelines would be cost-effective. Design, setting, and participants: This simulation/cohort economic evaluation used microsimulations and cohort analyses in a […]
Dual transcriptomic and epigenomic study of reaction severity in peanut allergic children.
Background: Unexpected allergic reactions to peanut are the most common cause of fatal food-related anaphylaxis. Mechanisms underlying the variable severity of peanut allergic reactions remain unclear. Objectives: To expand mechanistic understanding of reaction severity in peanut allergy. Methods: We performed an integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic study of peanut allergic children as they reacted in vivo during double-blind, placebo-controlled […]
Evaluation of the epidemiology of peanut allergy in the United Kingdom.
Aims: To describe the epidemiology of peanut allergy (PA) in the UK over the last three decades. Methods: PA patients were identified from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink between 1987 and 2015. Incidence and prevalence of PA were compared between 2000 and 2015. Prevalence and relative risk (RR) of atopic comorbidities, anaphylaxis, adrenaline prescriptions versus […]