Commercial Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars in the United States: Phytosterol Composition
Phytosterols in commercially grown Runner; Virginia; and Spanish peanuts (n = 221) from 2005 and 2006 were quantified by a combination of acid hydrolysis and alkaline saponification steps followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the trimethylsilyl derivatives. Delta(5)-Avenasterol; which partially degrades during acid hydrolysis; was quantified after alkaline saponification […]
Farmers perceptions; knowledge and management of aflatoxins in groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) in India
Aflatoxins; produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries and Aspergillus parasiticus Speare; are the major toxins affecting the quality of groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) meant for human consumption. Groundnuts can be infected with aflatoxin -producing fungi pre-harvest; at harvest and post-harvest. This survey was conducted in Gujarat province in India in order to […]
Effects of Peanut Processing on Masticatory Performance during Variable Appetitive States
Background. Current evidence indicates that peanut consumption reduces cardiovascular disease risk; while posing little threat to positive energy balance. However; questions have been raised as to whether inter- and intraindividual variability in mastication in response to peanut form and processing properties may influence these health effects; since mastication has the potential to alter the bioaccessibility […]
Maximizing Phenolics; Antioxidants and Sensory Acceptance of UV and Ultrasound Treated Peanuts
The effects of varying doses of UV and ultrasound (US); and incubation times at 25°C on total phenolics (TP); antioxidant capacity by two methods; trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and sensory overall acceptance (OA) of treated peanuts were investigated. Optimum process parameters for UV and US were determined using […]
Peanut Outlook: Impacts of the 2008-09 Foodborne Illness Outbreak Linked to Salmonella in Peanuts
Between January and April 2009; a foodborne illness outbreak linked to Salmonella resulted in one of the largest food safety recalls ever in the United States. The source of the outbreak was linked to one peanut processor handling less than 2 percent of the U.S. peanut supply; but the scope of the recalls was magnified […]
Biocontrol of Aspergillus flavus on peanut kernels by use of a strain of marine Bacillus megaterium
A strain of marine Bacillus megaterium isolated from the Yellow Sea of East China was evaluated for its activity in reducing postharvest decay of peanut kernels caused by Aspergillus flavus in in vitro and in vivo tests. The results showed that the concentrations of antagonist had a significant effect on biocontrol effectiveness in vivo: when […]
Roast effects on the hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacities of peanut flours; blanched peanut seed and peanut skins
Hydrophilic and lipophilic oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (H&L-ORAC) of peanut flours; blanched peanut seed; and peanut skins were characterized across a range of roast intensities. H-ORAC ranged from 5910 to 7990; 3040 to 3700 and 152;290 to 209;710 µmoles Trolox/100 g for the flours; seed; and skins; respectively. H-ORAC increased linearly with darker seed color […]
Thermal inactivation of Salmonella in peanut butter
The objective of this study was to determine the rates of thermal inactivation of three Salmonella Tennessee strains in peanut butter associated with an outbreak and to compare them to the rates of inactivation of Salmonella strains of other serotypes (Enteritidis; Typhimurium; and Heidelberg) (SSOS) and of clinical isolates of Salmonella Tennessee from sporadic cases […]
Food Allergy Among Children in the United States
Objectives: The goals were to estimate the prevalence of food allergy and to describe trends in food allergy prevalence and health care use among US children. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of data on food allergy among children
Oleic acid and peanut oil high in oleic acid reverse the inhibitory effect of insulin production of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha both in vitro and in vivo systems
BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation is a key player in pathogenesis. The inflammatory cytokine; tumor necrosis factor-alpha is a well known inflammatory protein; and has been a therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis and Crohn's Disease. Obesity is a well known risk factor for developing non-insulin dependent diabetes melitus. Adipose tissue has […]