Biological Activity of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Phytoalexins and Selected Natural and Synthetic Stilbenoids

Abstract: The peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.); when infected by a microbial pathogen; is capable of producing stilbene-derived compounds that are considered antifungal phytoalexins. In addition; the potential health benefits of other stilbenoids from peanuts; including resveratrol and pterostilbene; have been acknowledged by several investigators. Despite considerable progress in peanut research; relatively little is known […]

Characteristics and pathways of bioactive 4-desmethylsterols; triterpene alcohols and 4a-monomethylsterols; from developing Tunisian cultivars and wild peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

ABSTRACT: Seven 4-desmethylsterols; five triterpene alcohols and three 4a-monomethylsterols were identified by GC–MS during the development of wild peanut; which is Arbi (AraA); and cultivars peanut; which are Trabelsia (AraT) and Chounfakhi (AraC). Our results showed that the maximum level of 4-desmethylsterols (881.07 mg/100 g of oil) was reached at 12 days after flowering (DAF) […]

A randomized controlled study of peanut oral immunotherapy: Clinical desensitization and modulation of the allergic response

Abstract BACKGROUND: Open-label oral immunotherapy (OIT) protocols have been used to treat small numbers of patients with peanut allergy. Peanut OIT has not been evaluated in double-blind; placebo-controlled trials. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of OIT for peanut allergy in a double-blind; placebo-controlled study. METHODS: In this multicenter study; children ages 1 to […]

Animal studies of the functional consequences of suboptimal polyunsaturated fatty acid status during pregnancy; lactation and early post-natal life

Abstract: Scores of animal studies demonstrate that seed oils replete with linoleic acid and very low in linolenic acid fed as the exclusive source of fat through pregnancy and lactation result in visual; cognitive; and behavioural deficits in the offspring. Commodity peanut; sunflower; and safflower oils fed to mother rats; guinea pigs; rhesus monkeys; and […]

Ultrasensitive nanogold probe-based immunochromatographic assay for simultaneous detection of total aflatoxins in peanuts.

Abstract: An ultrasensitive immunochromatographic (IC) assay for simultaneous detection of total aflatoxins (AFB1; AFB2; AFG1; and AFG2) was developed to meet the requirement for rapidly monitoring aflatoxins in agro-products. The assay was based on a competitive format and its sensitivity was improved by using a novel criterion to screen the optimal amount of monoclonal antibody […]

Enzymatic Treatment of Peanut Kernels to Reduce Allergen Levels.

Abstract: This study investigated the use of enzymatic treatment to reduce peanut allergens in peanut kernels as affect by processing conditions. Two major peanut allergens; Ara h 1 and Ara h 2; were used as indicators of process effectiveness. Enzymatic treatment effectively reduced Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 in roasted peanut kernels by […]

Resveratrol regulates the PTEN/AKT pathway through androgen receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms in prostate cancer cell lines.

The tumor suppressor gene PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) and the androgen receptor (AR) play important roles in tumor development and progression in prostate carcinogenesis. Among many functions; PTEN negatively regulates the cytoplasmic phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT anti-apoptotic pathway; and nuclear PTEN affects the cell cycle by also negatively regulating the MAPK pathway via […]

Effects of peanut processing on body weight and fasting plasma lipids.

Peanuts and peanut butter are commonly consumed as a snack; meal component and ingredient in various commercial products. Their consumption is associated with reduced CVD risk and they pose little threat to positive energy balance. However; questions have arisen as to whether product form (e.g. whole nut v. butter) and processing properties (e.g. roasting and […]

The effect of genotype and roasting on the fatty acid composition of peanuts.

The impact of two factors; genotype (G) and treatment (raw or roasted peanut) (T); on the chemical composition of peanuts was studied using a chemometric method and Tukey's test. The peanut genotypes evaluated were cultivar cavalo vermelho (CCV); cultivar cavalo rosa (CCR) and cultivar tatu (CTA); in both raw and roasted states. The total lipid […]