Nut consumption is associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia in adults: a community-based cohort study from the UK Biobank
This cohort study aimed to analyze the relationship between nut consumption and the risk of all-cause dementia in adults from the United Kingdom (UK). Data from participants in the UK Biobank cohort between 2007-2012 (baseline) and 2013-2023 (follow-up) were analyzed. Baseline information on nut consumption was obtained using the Oxford WebQ 24-h questionnaire. All-cause dementia (i.e. Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, or vascular dementia) was assessed at baseline and follow-up through self-reported medical diagnosis, hospitalization, or death records. Hazard regression models were used to estimate the association between nut consumption and the risk of developing all-cause dementia, with adjustments made for sociodemographic, lifestyle, hearing problems, self-rated health, and the number of chronic diseases. Participants with all-cause dementia at baseline were excluded. A total of 50,386 participants (mean age 56.5 ± 7.7 years, 49.2% women) were included in the prospective analyses. The incidence of all-cause dementia was 2.8% (n = 1422 cases). Compared with no consumption, daily nut consumption (> 0 to 3 or more handfuls) was significantly associated with a 12% lower risk of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio = 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.77-0.99) after 7.1 mean years of follow-up, regardless of the potential confounders considered. No statistically significant interactions were observed between nut consumption and any of the covariates included in the hazard regression models. Stratified analyses revealed that nut consumption of up to 1 handful of 30 g/day and consumption of unsalted nuts were associated with the greatest protective benefits. The daily consumption of nuts may play a protective role in the prevention of dementia.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-024-01365-z
Study Finds Eating Pistachios May Support Eye Health
Two handfuls of pistachios daily improved macular pigment optical density
A new study published in the Journal of Nutrition assessed the effect of pistachio consumption on macular pigment optical density, which protects the eye from light damage and is positively associated with eye health.
In this 12-week single-blinded, randomized-controlled trial, 36 healthy adult participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: an intervention group that consumed 2 ounces (57 grams) of shelled pistachios plus their usual diet, or a control group that ate their usual diet. The researchers measured macular pigment optical density as well as serum concentration of the antioxidants lutein and zeaxanthin.
Participants who ate pistachios saw significant increases in macular pigment optical density after only six weeks. The findings also showed that lutein intakes nearly doubled and blood lutein levels were significantly elevated in the pistachio group. The researchers concluded that the inclusion of pistachios in a healthy diet could be an effective dietary strategy for promoting eye health.
This project was supported by American Pistachio Growers.
Scott, T. M., Ogunbodede, O., McKay, D., & Johnson, E. J. (2024). Pistachio consumption increases Macular Pigment Optical Density in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Nutrition, S0022-3166(24)01099-X. Advance online publication.
Study Suggests Eating Nuts May Help Prevent Dementia
Daily consumption was associated with a 12% lower risk of all-cause dementia
A recent cohort study published in the journal GeroScience analyzed the relationship between nut consumption and the risk of all-cause dementia in adults from the United Kingdom.
The researchers analyzed data from 50,386 participants with a mean age of 56.5 years. All-cause dementia —i.e. Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia or vascular dementia— was assessed at baseline and a 24-hour dietary questionnaire was used to assess nut consumption. Participants were tracked through self-reported medical diagnosis, hospitalization or death records.
The findings showed that daily nut consumption was significantly associated with a 12% lower risk of all-cause dementia after an average follow-up period of 7 years. Statistical analyses showed that nut consumption of up to 1 handful (30 grams) per day and consumption of unsalted nuts were associated with the greatest protective benefits. The researchers concluded that daily nut consumption may play a protective role in the prevention of dementia.
Bizzozero-Peroni, B., Díaz-Goñi, V., Beneit, N., Oliveira, A., Jiménez-López, E., Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., & Mesas, A. E. (2024). Nut consumption is associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia in adults: a community-based cohort study from the UK Biobank. GeroScience, 10.1007/s11357-024-01365-z. Advance online publication.
Prunes Global Statistical Review
The information contained herein was prepared between mid-September and October 2024.
USA. The California Prune Board estimates the 2024 production at around 65,000 metric tons. Despite prolonged high temperatures and a later-than-usual harvest, growers worked diligently to minimize the impact. This resulted in a high-quality crop, with only a moderate production volume loss.
Chile. As reported by Chile Prunes, adequate cold hours have been recorded during last winter, along with good water availability. As of this report, no frost events have occurred and fruit set has been satisfactory, indicating a positive start to the season.
Pistachios Global Statistical Review
The information contained herein was prepared between September and October 2024.
USA. Total shipments at the end of crop year 2023/24 were a record-setting 535,870 metric tons (1.2 billion pounds), a 31% increase from the prior record shipment of 409,087 MT (902 million lbs.) for the 2022/23 crop year. Shipments saw a significant increase due to several key factors. There was a notable rise in demand from international markets, particularly Europe and China. Europe saw shipments increase from 88,400 MT (195 M lbs.) in 2022/23 to 133,300 MT (294 M lbs.) in 2023/24. China saw shipments rise from 95,200 MT (210 M lbs.) to 165,100 MT (364 M lbs.) for the same years. Limited supply from Iran also helped sustain good demand from the Middle East and India throughout the year. Yields were also favorable for 2023/24, with a crop size of 678,000 MT (1.5 B lbs.), ensuring that there was enough supply to meet the heightened demand. Crop size for the upcoming 2024/25 crop year is considered an off year, estimated to be 499,000 MT (1.1 B lbs.). Early harvest receipts indicate good quality with relatively low stain levels.
Türkiye. Harvest of the largest-ever Turkish crop started in late July and was still ongoing by mid-September with no incidents reported. Kernel quality was good, and the early-harvest batches had already been shipped at the time of this report. Due to the large crop, the average size of pistachios this year is smaller, with an expected size range of 34/36.
This bumper crop has sparked interest from major consumer regions, where there was strong anticipation of a sharp price reduction. Kernel prices have already been adjusted downward. However, in-shell pistachios were still priced on the higher side. In comparison to the anticipated export volumes, the domestic market was expected to remain relatively stable throughout the year.
Iran. The Iran Pistachio Association adjusted the 2023/24 crop estimate to 168,000 MT and announced the 2024/25 crop forecast at 190,000 MT. The harvest began in mid-September and was expected to extend for a longer duration than usual. There were reports of higher-than-usual blanks and heat damage due to excessive summer temperatures and daily irrigation interruptions caused by widespread electricity shortages in the country. This will probably result in a downward revision of the 2024/25 crop forecast.
The 2023/24 marketing year closed with total exports of 133,000 MT (in-shell equivalent) and total domestic consumption was estimated at 25,000 MT. Export shipments during the summer exceeded expectations, averaging 10,000 MT monthly and reaching more than double the level of the same period in the previous year. In the last marketing month (August 23 – September 22), driven by Diwali demand, India led shipments at ca. 2,000 MT. Overall, shipments to the Indian subcontinent remained strong, with kernel shipments growing during the latter half of the 2023/24 crop year. Kernels and green peeled pistachio kernels (GPPK) accounted for 42% of this year's export shipments, compared to a four-year average of 35%. Demand for GPPK has been robust, with shipments to non-European destinations increasing throughout the year and adding up to about 40% of GPPK shipments.
Spain. Supply is expected to be more limited this season, primarily due to unfavorable weather conditions during blooming, coupled with 2024/25 being an off year. Additionally, new processing plants are emerging each year, with around 70 facilities now operating in the country.
Australia. The initial estimate for the 2025 crop, set to be harvested in March, is projected to range between 3,000 MT and 3,500 MT. Domestic pistachio consumption has seen a 7% increase over the past financial year, following two years of stagnant demand.
Peanuts Global Statistical Review
The information contained herein was prepared between mid-September and October 2024.
China. According to the Chinese Chamber of Commerce, planted area saw an increase in 2024 compared to last year, primarily driven by declining prices of competing crops, especially corn. Planting grew by approximately 10%, with larger expansions in the major producing provinces of Henan and Jilin.
Weather conditions throughout the growing regions have been challenging, particularly in Henan province and in western Shandong province, where, early in the sowing season, excessive heat and drought hampered growth, followed by heavy rainfall, which led to root issues and adversely affected yield per land area. Nonetheless, overall production was expected to remain high due to the increased planting area.
As the new peanut harvest season has progressed, major producing areas like Henan and Shandong have begun listing their peanuts, with northeastern provinces expected to follow as of October. The opening prices for the edible grade were set at approximately US$1,270 per metric ton, while oil peanuts were priced at around US$1,130 per MT. However, the abundant supply and weak downstream demand have contributed to a decline in both peanut futures and spot prices. Lower prices benefit the export of high-quality edible peanuts. In contrast, countries aiming to export oil peanuts to China need to remain competitive in the Chinese market.
USA. As per the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) October 2024 Crop Production Report, Hurricane Helene, which made landfall in late September 2024, affected several agricultural regions, including peanut-growing areas in Alabama, Georgia, and the Carolinas. However, the full impact of the storm might not be reflected until future reports.
Peanut production for 2024 showed an overall increase in both planted and harvested areas compared to the previous year. Total peanut planted area reached 1.81 million acres (732,300 hectares), up 10% from 2023. Similarly, the area harvested grew by 12% to 1.75 M acres (708,400 ha). Georgia, the largest peanut-producing state, reported an expansion of 10% in its harvested acreage, estimated at 845,000 acres (342,100 ha). Texas, with 210,000 acres (85,000 ha), saw an increase of 27%. Alabama’s area rose 9%, to 186,000 acres (75,300 ha), while Florida's expanded 6%, to 161,000 acres (65,200 ha).
Yield was forecasted at 3,683 pounds per acre (4.12 MT/ha), 2% down from 2023. However, driven by the overall increased acreage, total production was expected to increase 10%, reaching 6.44 billion lbs. (2.92 M MT). Georgia’s crop was forecasted to reach 3.21 B lbs. (1.46 M MT), an increase of 2% from 2023. Alabama was expected to produce 614 M lbs. (278,400 MT), 30% higher than the previous year. Florida’s crop was projected 14% up, at 596 M lbs. (270,200 MT). Texas was also expected to see an increase, with production projected at 525 M lbs. (238,100 MT), up by 14% from last year.
Argentina. The Argentine Chamber of Commerce reported that 416,490 ha were planted for the 2023/24 season and 416,039 ha were harvested. Yield was estimated at 3.8 MT/ha on an in-shell basis (2.7 MT/ha kernel basis), resulting in a production of 1,604,722 MT on an in-shell basis (1,123,305 MT kernel basis), up by 71% from 2022/23. Exports were, at the time of this report, projected at 740,950 MT of shelled peanuts. Domestic demand, including blanching losses, milling and seed use, was anticipated to reach 344,695 MT.
Cashews Global Statistical Review
The information contained herein was prepared between mid-September and October 2024.
Northern Hemisphere. The crop season was, at the time of this report, nearing the end. This season, due to the impact of the El Niño, crop yields across all major growing regions decreased. As a result, kernel prices rose and remain consistently high. The remaining stock was either of reduced quality, with lower yields, or had already been allocated to meet existing commitments.
In Viet Nam, most smaller processing units ceased operations due to the scarcity or high cost of raw materials. In India, domestic demand remained robust, bolstered by Diwali and the wedding season. These festivities, along with the approaching Chinese New Year, were expected to drive strong consumer demand.
By mid-September, although the export ban in Côte d’Ivoire was lifted, price movements remained minimal. Retailers were in their main purchasing period for the 2025 calendar year needs, which was anticipated to close in two months’ time.
Southern Hemisphere. With the harvest season in the northern hemisphere concluded, the southern hemisphere crops remain as the only sources of supply until the next harvest. The crops were expected to start arriving towards October.
At the time of this report, uncertainty remained regarding Tanzania's policies, where cashew is one of their significant cash crops. Any remaining southern hemisphere supply was expected to come mainly from Mozambique, Brazil and Indonesia. The Brazilian crop was expected to perform significantly better this season, with official estimates placing production at approximately 150,000 metric tons. Early shipments began arriving at factories in mid-September, though the bulk of new crop shipments was projected to commence in the second half of October. Brazil remains uncompetitive in the 240 and 320 grades due to high sales volumes to Latin American markets. However, the availability of larger nut sizes and broken grades were expected to increase. Indonesia reported insect damage, which could contribute to potential shortages.
New Meta-Analysis Strengthens Evidence That Nuts May Lower Cardiovascular Risk
A systematic review and meta-analysis funded by the International Nut and Dried Fruit Council (INC) has just been published in the prestigious scientific journal Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.[1] The study showed that current evidence provides a good indication that consuming nuts may advantageously affect blood lipids in adults with a mix of health statuses. This may be important for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases as well as intermediate health conditions such as overweight/obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
The study analyzed 113 trials that assessed the effect of consuming nuts on blood lipid outcomes. The median daily dose assessed was 45.5 grams of nuts per day compared to a non-nut control.
The findings showed that, overall, nut consumption resulted in moderate reductions in total cholesterol and LDL (“bad”) cholesterol, with small reductions in triglycerides and apolipoprotein B. There was no significant impact on HDL (“good”) cholesterol or other assessed measures.
The researchers concluded that the current evidence supports existing recommendations for the consumption of nuts and for cardiovascular risk reduction by favorably affecting the blood lipid profile in adults. In addition to substantiating current health claims, the findings support health professionals and dietary guidelines in recommending nuts as part of a nutrient-dense dietary pattern for cardiovascular health.
“Some recent studies have questioned whether nuts have benefits on cholesterol when there is overwhelming evidence of their benefits on cardiovascular health. This update of the scientific evidence carried out with more than 100 published studies shows that international organizations should without shyness maintain nuts into their recommendations,” commented Prof. Jordi Salas-Salvadó, principal investigator on the study, Professor at Rovira i Virgili University in Reus, Spain.
Dr. Stephanie Nishi, first author of the study, Assistant Professor at Toronto Metropolitan University, Canada, added: “This finding, combined with the extensive body of research on nuts, highlights their status as a powerhouse of healthful nutrients. Nuts provide a unique combination of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and healthy fats, making them a convenient, portable, and satisfying snack or meal addition as part of a healthy dietary pattern.”
Press contact: press@nutfruit.org.
[1] Nishi, S. K., Paz-Graniel, I., Ni, J., Valle-Hita, C., Khoury, N., Garcia-Gavilán, J. F., Babio, N, Salas-Salvadó, J. (2024). Effect of Nut Consumption on Blood Lipids: An updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.
October 2024 News Brief
INC's Pavilion Shines at SIAL Paris 2024
A global showcase for the nut and dried fruit industry
The INC has returned from a successful participation at SIAL Paris 2024, the world’s premier food innovation exhibition. Held from October 19 to 23, the event brought together a remarkable 250,000 visitors from over 200 countries, eager to explore the latest innovations from a staggering 7,000 exhibitors.
At this year's event the INC Pavilion stood out as a major hub for the global nut and dried fruit industry. Marking the largest INC Pavilion to date, the nut and dried fruit hub hosted 37 co-exhibitors from 17 countries and offered an outstanding platform for industry professionals to network, exchange knowledge, and showcase their products. The event provided a perfect mix of reconnecting with long-time industry partners and establishing new relationships, making it an essential stop for anyone in the nut and dried fruit trade. [Read more] [See photos] [See video]
INC Holds Key Meetings in Rome
The Executive Committee meets with FAO, stakeholders and holds the quarterly meeting
On October 17-18, INC leadership convened in Rome for a series of important meetings. During this time, INC met with the Director-General of the FAO to explore future collaborations and synergies, as well as with Fruitimprese, the Italian association of fruit and vegetable industries, to exchange insights and share information about INC's mission and activities. In the quarterly Executive Committee meeting, members discussed key INC initiatives and set the strategic direction for the rest of 2024 and into 2025, all with the goal of advancing INC's objectives and fostering sustainable growth in the industry. We are excited about what's on the horizon and look forward to sharing details with you in the coming months.
New Meta-Analysis Strengthens Evidence That Nuts May Lower Cardiovascular Risk
The findings refute recent studies questioning the benefits of nut consumption
A recent systematic review and meta-analysis funded by the International Nut and Dried Fruit Council (INC) has just been published in the prestigious scientific journal Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. The study showed that current evidence provides a good indication that consuming nuts may advantageously affect blood lipids in adults with a mix of health statuses. This may be important for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases as well as intermediate health conditions... [Read more]
NUTPOOL Study: Progress Update
Over one million participants will take part in this groundbreaking study
Through an extensive meta-analysis involving over one million participants across North America, Europe, Asia and Oceania, the INC-funded NUTPOOL study aims to evaluate the association between total and specific types of nut consumption and the prevention of non-communicable diseases, namely type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases (dementia and Alzheimer’s disease) and mortality. This groundbreaking research will undoubtedly represent a turning point in nutritional epidemiology… [Read more]
NUTS 2025 to Be Held at INC Headquarters
The meeting will bring together renowned health researchers from across the globe
After the success of NUTS 2022, another historic gathering of top health researchers is on the horizon. From October 9-10, 2025, the INC’s headquarters in Reus, Spain, will host NUTS 2025, a conference that will bring together some of the world’s top health researchers. The aims of the NUTS 2025 conference are to summarize all the scientific evidence on the beneficial effects of nuts and dried fruit on health; to define new topics, needs and opportunities in research; to share knowledge with the food industry and set new primary objectives... [Read more]
INC Engages With EU Officials
Topics addressed included food safety, nutrition and sustainability
The INC attended a key meeting in Brussels with European Commission officials from the DG for Health and Food Safety and DG for the Environment on October 18, 2024. The event, organized by FRUCOM-CEEREAL, brought together around 90 industry representatives. Key discussions centered on the Sustainable Use of Pesticides Regulation, which could be revived after its withdrawal earlier this year, and the forthcoming Green Claims Directive, expected to be adopted by summer 2025. Updates were also shared on… [Read more]
Almonds Global Statistical Review
INC reports on crop and market status for almonds
The USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service estimated the 2024/25 Californian almond crop at 2.8 billion pounds (approx. 1.27 million metric tons). The Almond Board of California’s second position report on the 2024/25 crop (August 2024 – July 2025) shows receipts of 1,035 M lbs. (approx. 469,500 MT) of kernel weight through September 2024. Shipments for 2023/24, totaling 2.692 B lbs. (1.22 M MT), were the second largest in history. As reported by the Almond Board of Australia, the 2024/25 crop was updated to 153,550 MT. Exports were strong, driven by rising demand from China and India, with August marking the third consecutive month of record-breaking sales. [Read more]
Hazelnuts Global Statistical Review
INC provides updates on hazelnut crops and exports
In Türkiye, hazelnut harvest began on schedule and drying conditions were favorable. Yields were average overall but lower in areas with high brown marmorated stink bug incidence. As reported by the Black Sea Hazelnut Exporters Association, total exports in 2023/24 (July-August) reached 303,458 metric tons (kernel basis), up 1.64% from 2022/23. In Italy, due to weather disruptions, the 2024/25 crop was revised down to approximately 95,000 MT. The US harvest experienced excellent weather conditions, presenting better in-shell nut sizing than the previous crop and above historical averages. Based on winter conditions, Chile reports a positive outlook for the 2025 harvest. [Read more]
Walnuts Global Statistical Review
INC shares updates on crops and shipments
China’s 2024/25 crop forecast is 1.5 million metric tons (in-shell). The selling season started much earlier, with strong demand and heavy bookings, and the market remains firm ahead of the seasonal holidays. According to the USDA 2024 California Walnut Industry Objective Measurement Report, US walnut production is forecast at 670,000 short tons (607,814 MT in-shell), down 19% from last year’s record crop. In Chile, year-to-date exports are 83,800 MT (in-shell equivalent), down 24% from last season. Shipments to Europe increased compared to 2023 for August and year-to-date, as reported by Chilenut. [Read more]
Eating Prunes Daily May Reduce Negative Bone Effects of Oral Contraceptives
The findings suggest that prunes offer health benefits for young women
A new study published in Current Developments in Nutrition explored whether consuming 50 grams of prunes per day for 12 months could prevent bone loss or increase bone accrual in young women who use oral contraceptives. Ninety women between the ages of 18 and 25 years were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a control group that did not use oral contraceptives, a group that used oral contraceptives and did not consume prunes, or a group that ate 50 grams of prunes per day for 12 months. Bone mineral density was... [Read more]
Nut Consumption May Be Beneficially Associated With Body Fat Distribution
High nut intake was also associated with greater microbial diversity
A recent study published in Obesity set out to examine the relationships among nut consumption, gut microbiota and body fat distribution. This large, community-based population study included 2,255 Chinese adults living in urban areas in Lanxi City, China. Fat distribution was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and nut consumption was assessed using food frequency questionnaires. Stool samples from 1,724 participants underwent 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. The findings showed that nut consumption was associated... [Read more]
Regular Intake of Brazil Nuts Shows Promise for Women With Overweight or Obesity
Eating Brazil nuts may control inflammation by enhancing antioxidant defenses
A new study published in the Journal of Nutrition assessed the effect of daily Brazil nut intake on inflammation and intestinal permeability in overweight and obese women following an energy-restricted diet. In this non-randomized controlled trial, 56 women with overweight or obesity were allocated into one of two groups. Both groups followed an energy-restricted diet (−500 kcal/d) for eight weeks. The control group consumed a nut-free diet, while the Brazil nut group consumed 8 grams of Brazil nuts per day. Inflammatory cytokines... [Read more]
Sustainability News
The INC’s latest installment of sustainability news includes information about new traceability recordkeeping requirements for certain foods in the USA, a deal between Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana to deepen cooperation on cashews, and sustainability reporting standards in the UK. [Read more]
International Trade Updates
The latest trade news compiled by the INC includes news about concerns on Iranian pistachio imports into the EU due to aflatoxin risk, sanitary approvals for the export of Brazilian macadamias to several countries, new import requirements for agricultural shipments into Indonesia, and more. [Read more]
Food Safety News
The INC’s latest food safety update covers draft MRLs in Japan, the European Commission’s decision to gather data on Alternaria toxins, and updates on packaging restrictions, plant protection products, sorbates and official controls in the EU. [Read more]
Marketing Orders
In this month’s news on marketing orders, a referendum will be conducted among Oregon and Washington hazelnut growers to determine whether they favor continuance of the marketing order regulating the handling of hazelnuts. [Read more]
Effect of Nut Consumption on Blood Lipids: An updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Aims: Nuts are nutrient-dense foods touted for their health-promoting effects, especially regarding cardiovascular health, yet inconsistencies in the literature remain in relation to their effect on blood lipids. Hence, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to determine the effect of nut intake on blood lipids. Data Synthesis: MEDLINE-PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched. 113 unique trials met eligibility criteria (n=8060 adults with various health status) assessing the effect of a median daily dose of 45.5 g/d of nuts compared to a non-nut control on blood lipid outcomes met inclusion criteria. Overall, nut consumption resulted in moderate reductions in total cholesterol (mean difference, -0.14 mmol/L [95% confidence interval, -0.18 to -0.10 mmol/L]) and LDL-C (-0.12 mmol/L [-0.14 to -0.09 mmol/L]), with small reductions in triglycerides (-0.05 mmol/L [-0.07 to -0.03 mmol/L]), TC:HDL-C (-0.11 [-0.16 to -0.06]), LDL-C:HDL-C (-0.19 [-0.24 to -0.12]), and apolipoprotein B (-0.04 g/L [-0.06 to -0.02 g/L]). There was no significant impact on HDL-cholesterol or other assessed measures. Certainty of evidence was high for apolipoprotein A, and generally moderate/low for all other outcomes. Sensitivity analysis did not change the evidence on the main outcomes. Significant effect modifications in subgroup analysis were shown for most of the lipid parameters assessed. None of these subgroup effects altered the evidence of heterogeneity for any primary outcome. Conclusions: Current evidence provides a good indication that consuming nuts may advantageously affect blood lipids in adults with a mix of health status.
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